2023 was the second season of pollinator surveys and the fourth season of habitat surveys. These two aspects have been brought together in the surveys and this report.

Four rounds of surveys 1) Early spring, 2) Late spring, 3) Early summer, 4) Late summer took place at 63 sites in 2023 to gather data on the diversity and abundance of pollinators and pollinator-friendly plants in the City of London.

Fifty-eight of the sites were ground-level gardens, and five were roof gardens. Sites were chosen to vary in size, shape, plant species and general habitat quality.